A recent investigation has uncovered illegal strip-mining in the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve in Limpopo Province, South Africa linked to the controversial Musina-Makhado Special Economic Zone (MMSEZ). The exposé revealed that MC Mining, whose Chinese-owned parent company, Kinetic Development, is an anchor investor in the MMSEZ, has unlawfully commenced mining operations at Makhado Colliery, despite a pending appeal decision against its environmental authorisation extension.